Nutritional status should be assessed at regular intervals as part of management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The simplest approach to assessment is serial weight measurement. A comprehensive nutritional assessment includes
(1) anthropometric measurements of body composition;
(2) biochemical measurements of serum protein, micro-nutrients, and metabolic parameters;
(3) clinical assessment of altered nutritional requirements and social or psychological issues that may preclude adequate intake; and
(4) measurement of dietary intake. Techniques for measuring body composition of fat and lean body mass include anthropometry and bioelectric impedance analysis.
Other techniques, including dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), hydrodensitometry, total body potassium measurement, and cross-sectional computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging are available in research centers.
Anthropometry, including waist-hip ratios, regional DXA, and cross-sectional imaging, is best for detecting morphologic changes associated with fat redistribution syndrome.
Nutritional assessment and intervention in children with HIV can help to prevent stunted growth and development.
Dietitian 